![]() ![]() In simple cases the controlling operator's command actions correspond directly to actions in the device controlled, as for example in a radio-controlled model aircraft or a tethered deep submergence vehicle. Ī telemanipulator (or teleoperator) is a device that is controlled remotely by a human operator. The system enabled operators to perform dexterous tasks (inserting pegs into holes) remotely such that the operator would feel as if he or she was inserting the pegs when in fact it was a robot remotely performing the task. ![]() One of the first telepresence systems that enabled operators to feel present in a remote environment through all of the primary senses (sight, sound, and touch) was the Virtual Fixtures system developed at US Air Force Research Laboratories in the early 1990s. This is opposed to " telepresence", which refers to the subset of telerobotic systems configured with an immersive interface such that the operator feels present in the remote environment, projecting his or her presence through the remote robot. Teleoperation is the most standard term, used both in research and technical communities, for referring to operation at a distance. Early Telerobotics (Rosenberg, 1992) US Air Force - Virtual Fixtures system
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